As a cyclist I often find myself arguing until I’m blue in the face with some people over where and how it is appropriate to ride.
My position is this: cyclists are safest when they obey the laws at all times. Selfishly breaking laws to save a few seconds or because you think you’re making yourself safer (more on this in a minute) makes the roads more dangerous for everyone.
Of course there are always emergency and unusual exceptions (construction, accidents, etc.) but in my not-so-humble opinion there is almost never a valid excuse for riding anywhere but on the road, with traffic.
Sidewalk Cycling
Inexperienced cyclists seem to think that the biggest threat to them is passing drivers. So it makes perfect sense that getting off the road (and onto the sidewalk) would be the easiest way to eliminate this risk.
Unfortunately it’s not true.
In fact an incredibly small percent of driver-cyclist accidents are the result of a driver hitting a cyclist from behind.
So, the argument goes, sidewalk cycling must at least get rid of that 4-ish%, right?
It absolutely does and if you could ONLY ride on sidewalks you’d only be a threat to the pedestrians (which works out pretty well for you…not so much for the pedestrians).
The only problem is that in order to get anywhere, you have to pass through intersections – where the vast majority of cycling accidents occur.
Biking on the sidewalk may eliminate the small risk of being hit from behind, but when entering the relatively high-risk intersections, sidewalk cyclists put themselves at a much higher risk than they would face if they were on the road in the first place.
In North-America, it has been found that sidewalk cyclists are at a significantly higher risk of being in an accident – double or more.
And really, it’s no wonder. BicycleSafe.com shows the top 10 ways to get hit on a bike (and how to avoid it). 7 of them involve a vehicle turning into a cyclist at an intersection.
I think it’s safe to say that in most cities, drivers don’t want to hit cyclists. But it’s hard to avoid what you can’t see – or what isn’t where you expect it to be.
When approaching an intersection, the average driver will check for the usual obstacles in the usual places. A cyclist travels at a much faster speed than a pedestrian and may not be in the driver’s field of consideration when checking the sidewalk.
A driver will, however, look at other traffic – the oncoming lane, his own lane and the lane beside him. A cyclist in one of these locations is much more likely to be seen and safely avoided than one that appears in the intersection unexpectedly.
Sidewalk cyclists may feel safer, but ultimately they are trading a relatively small risk for a much much larger one.
Path Biking
There isn’t a single risk-factor above that doesn’t apply to sidewalk-adjacent bike paths – including pedestrians, because as anyone that has tried to use them knows, beside-the-sidewalk bike paths are really just double-wide sidewalks.
These paths even bring up additional problems. Sidewalk cyclists may be oblivious and self-centred, but most of them know they shouldn’t be there and may be slightly more attentive when crossing intersections.
The paths, however, give the illusion of safety and right-of-way while keeping cyclists effectively invisible from motorists. Whenever I see a conflict between the two on these paths, both seem to feel they are in the right.
The cyclist was usually keeping to the designated path and had the right of way! But to the driver, he was minding his own business when suddenly a bike appeared out of nowhere and crossed his path! Regardless of who is in the right, this situation creates a dangerous scenario that is bound to eventually result in more than just road rage.
The paths also create a culture of segregation between bikes and cars. I can’t count the times I’ve had drivers honk or yell at me to “get on the path” when passing me in traffic. Despite the fact that road biking is safer, the presence of these paths encourages bikes and cars to ignore each other – until they are forced to acknowledge each other’s presence – angrily – after a near collision.
This doesn’t promote cooperation or road-sharing, it promotes frustration and distrust between road-users. Bikes are only visible to drivers when they are avoiding hitting one that jumps into an intersection unexpectedly.
Solutions?
While North-America in general is a long way away from the cultural shift necessary to make biking as safe as it is elsewhere in the world, there are things we can do.
On a city-wide level, I encourage London to ticket sidewalk cyclists and remove all beside-the-sidewalk lanes. Where possible these should be replaced with safer on-road marked bike lanes.
Individually, we can solve this problem by refusing to use the sidewalk or the bike paths. Not only is it practically safer, but it encourages bikes and cars to be aware of each other making the roads safer for all cyclists.
If you are interested in learning more about bicycle safety, visit BicyclingLife.com and BicycleUniverse.info.
Update July 29, 2009
Today it came to my attention that the city of London, Ontario recognizes the dangers of the sidewalk paths – what they call “In-Boulevard Bicycle Paths”.
London’s Bicycle Master Plan [PDF] states:
When properly situated, IBBP’s can serve as significant generators of bicycle use, providing for enjoyable recreational opportunities (especially for the less skilled cyclist) as well as desirable commuter routes. Appropriate applications of an IBBP would include:
- Where an uninterrupted right-of-way is available to provide for long, continuous routes for commuting or recreational trips; or,
- Within an independent right-of-way such as an abandoned railway corridor, utility corridor, along a river, through a linear park or a greenbelt.
According to the Ministry of Transportation, bicycle paths may be located within the right-of-way of major roads as long as they are located beyond what is used as the clear hazard zone for such facilities. In such instances, the Ministry recommends a separation distance of 10 to 15 metres. When IBBP’s are located immediately adjacent to an arterial roadway, however, many operational problems can occur as the motorist and cyclist interface. Cyclists using the inboulevard pathway, for example, are generally required to stop or yield at all cross streets and driveways to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Furthermore, unless diligence is exercised in regular pathway maintenance, the accumulation of sand, debris, and eroded materials on the IBBP can lead to crashes that do not involve another vehicle or cyclist. For reasons noted above, there is a “…higher incidence of bicycle crashes associated with off-street, rather than on-street, facilities, particularly in commercial areas… (Ontario Bikeways, Planning and Design Guidelines, Ministry of Transportation).
The problem is that I can’t think of a single example of a IBBP in London that has a dedicated right-of-way for any significant distance (the longest I can find is 700m) or that is anywhere near 10-15m from the road.
Does continuous right-of-way count when there are bus stops planted in the middle of the paths?
In fact, although I have no statistics in this case, I wouldn’t be at all surprised if it is more dangerous to jump in and out of traffic than it is to just stay in the lane in the rare case where a cyclist may have the right of way for any noteworthy distance.
Not that it matters anyway, those cases are limited to a handful.
Thankfully the plan has acknowledged that these paths are dangerous and do not intend to install any more.
Given the operational (and potential risk management) issues associated with IBBP’s, the Bicycle Master Plan Guideline recommends that the City no longer pursue their development. While it is recognized that portions of the system may currently temporarily include existing, or previously planned and approved infrastructure, all new City-initiated capital transportation projects will not provide for the development of IBBP’s.
However the unfortunate truth is they are part of the culture of London and established paths need to be removed if the city is serious about ensuring the safety of its travellers.